Infectious Agents Induce Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Deregulation in Primary Liver Cancers

Interaction between infectious agents and liver tissue, as well repeated extreme biological events beyond adaptive capacities, may result in pathological conditions predisposing people to development of primary cancers (PLCs). In adults, PLCs mainly comprise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Various the hepatic microenvironment can destabilize normal cell functions by modulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway components. Among them, hepatotropic viruses B, C, D are involved signaling dysregulation. Other microbial agents, including oncogenic such Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) human papilloma (HPV), bacteria, e.g., Mycoplasma hyorhinis Salmonella Typhi, protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, fungus Aspergillus flavus, flukes Clonorchissinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, induce malignant transformation hepatocytes target cells biliary tract through aberrant Wnt activation. This review focuses on new insights into implicated deregulation PLC development. Since is a driver cancer following viral bacterial infections, molecules inhibiting complex axis could represent novel therapeutic approaches treatment.